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Record Group: Madagascar

Series 1: Madagascar: Administration: General

File 699: Madagascar, General, 1947-1948

Old Folder Number: 906

Correspondence on conditions for Jews on island in Indian Ocean.

Madagascar, General, 1947-1948

Record Group: Mexico

Series 1: Mexico: Administration: Fund-Raising

File 701: Mexico, Fund-Raising, 1949-1952

Old Folder Number: 909

Correspondence on funds raised, problems with united fund-raising campaign. Correspondence on coordination of activities with JDC Buenos Aires office, closure of Mexico City office.

Mexico, Fund-Raising, 1949-1952

File 702: Mexico, Fund-Raising, 1948

Old Folder Number: 909

Correspondence on commotion and conflicts with united fund-raising campaign, including “trials” for those who declined to donate, JDC rejection of participation in united campaign.

Mexico, Fund-Raising, 1948

File 703: Mexico, Fund-Raising, 1947

Old Folder Number: 908

Correspondence, reports on opening JDC headquarters in region, organization of and problems with fund-raising.

Mexico, Fund-Raising, 1947

File 704: Mexico, Fund-Raising, 1944-1946

Old Folder Number: 908

Correspondence, reports on opening JDC headquarters in region, organization of and problems with fund-raising.

Mexico, Fund-Raising, 1944-1946

Series 2: Mexico: Administration: General

File 700: Mexico, General, 1945-1953

Old Folder Number: 907

Correspondence, reports on the organization of JDC operations in Mexico, including personnel arrangements, fund-raising.

Mexico, General, 1945-1953

Series 3: Mexico: Subject Matter: Emigration and Immigration

File 705: Mexico, Immigration, 1946-1950

Old Folder Number: 910

Correspondence on stringency in Mexican immigration law, problems with visas; local appeals for funds.

Mexico, Immigration, 1946-1950

Record Group: Middle East

Series 1: Middle East: Administration: General

File 706: Middle East, General, 1946-1950

Old Folder Number: 911

Miscellaneous correspondence, including materials on survey seeking data in “US interests” in the Middle East.

Middle East, General, 1946-1950

Record Group: Moslem Countries

Series 1: Moslem Countries: Administration: General

File 707: Moslem Countries, General, 1948-1953

Old Folder Number: 913

Correspondence with Congregational Christian Service Committee regarding funneling aid to Jews in Moslem countries. Survey on Jewish communities in Near East.

Moslem Countries, General, 1948-1953

Record Group: Morocco

Series 1: Morocco: Administration: Financial

File 51: Morocco, Financial, 1948-1954

Old Folder Number: 72,73

Finance and accounting memos on transactions and disbursements; correspondence about errors in reports.

Morocco, Financial, 1948-1954

File 52: Morocco, Financial, 1945-1947

Old Folder Number: 72

Monthly financial statements; finance and accounting memos on transactions and disbursements.

Morocco, Financial, 1945-1947

File 58: Morocco, Transfer of Funds, Berger, Meyer and Jack, 1954

Old Folder Number: 84

Correspondence (primarily between JDC and Federation of Jewish Philanthropies in Pittsburgh, home of Meyer Berger) regarding transactions and transfer of funds in Morocco on behalf of Meyer and Jack Berger.

Morocco, Transfer of Funds, Berger, Meyer and Jack, 1954

Series 2: Morocco: Administration: General

File 44: Morocco, General, 1954

Old Folder Number: 61

Reports on Jewish communities, communal, social and political conditions in Morocco, Spanish Morocco.

Morocco, General, 1954

File 45: Morocco, General, 1947-1953

Old Folder Number: 62

Memos, extracts from JDC meetings’ minutes, Correspondence, press releases document JDC establishment of office in Morocco in 1949 for social welfare and organization/coordination activities to combat squalor, disease and hunger. American Jewish Committee staff report (1950) on social and political situation of Jews in Morocco.

Morocco, General, 1947-1953

Series 3: Morocco: Administration: Personnel

File 57: Morocco, Staff Meetings, 1954

Old Folder Number: 83

Minutes of staff meetings.

Morocco, Staff Meetings, 1954

Series 4: Morocco: Localities

File 61: Morocco, Sefrou, 1950

Old Folder Number: 89

Report and press release regarding emergency aid, evacuation and services for Jewish community after flood.

Morocco, Sefrou, 1950

File 62: Morocco, Taroudant, 1954

Old Folder Number: 90

Correspondence about use of the isolated town of Taroudant as a “test case” for multi-service relief programs for towns in North Africa.

Morocco, Taroudant, 1954

File 71: Morocco, Tangier, General, 1945-1954

Old Folder Number: 103

Correspondence regarding lefts of Comite Local d’Assistance aux Refugees to act as JDC representative vis-à-vis international administration of Tangier. Contains list of families seeking to emigrate.

Morocco, Tangier, General, 1945-1954

File 72: Morocco, Tangier, Financial, 1948-1954

Old Folder Number: 105

Accounting memos on remittances, payments, financial transfers. Financial and statistical reports.

Morocco, Tangier, Financial, 1948-1954

File 73: Morocco, Tangier, Financial, 1945-1947

Old Folder Number: 106

Accounting memos on remittances, payments, financial transfers; financial and statistical reports. Contains list of refugees who received cash relief.

Morocco, Tangier, Financial, 1945-1947

File 74: Morocco, Tangier, Yeshiva Ets Hayim, 1953

Old Folder Number: 108

Correspondence in which JDC declines to be agent to transmit payments to Toledano Foundation Yeshiva in Tangier. Report on yeshiva. [NOTE: ALTHOUGH NAME “ETS HAYIM” APPEARS ON FILE NAME, IT IS NOT MENTIONED IN FILE.]

Morocco, Tangier, Yeshiva Ets Hayim, 1953

Series 5: Morocco: Organizations

File 63: Morocco, Aide Scolaire, Oeuvre d’Assistance aux Enfants Indigents des Ecoles de l’Alliance Israelite de Marrakech, 1945, 1961

Old Folder Number: 91

Summary (1945) of Aide Scolaire activities since 1927 to feed, clothe and aid poor children in Jewish schools; annual report (1959).

Morocco, Aide Scolaire, Oeuvre d’Assistance aux Enfants Indigents des Ecoles de l’Alliance Israelite de Marrakech, 1945, 1961

File 64: Morocco, Alliance Israelite Universelle, 1946-1954

Old Folder Number: 92

Memos, correspondence regarding Alliance Israelite Universelle (AIU) proposals for education.

Morocco, Alliance Israelite Universelle, 1946-1954

File 66: Morocco, Orphelinat Murdoch-Bengio, 1945-1954

Old Folder Number: 96

Correspondence, JDC press release regarding home for orphaned and homeless children from the Casablanca mellah, organized in memory of Murdoch Bengio.

Morocco, Orphelinat Murdoch-Bengio, 1945-1954

File 67: Morocco, OSE, 1950-1954

Old Folder Number: 98

Report on OSE-Maroc’s activities (1950-1951); survey of services, relations with communities and organizations.

Morocco, OSE, 1950-1954

Series 6: Morocco: Subject Matter: Emigration and Immigration

File 49: Morocco, Emigration, 1948-1954

Old Folder Number: 70

Correspondence, memos on JDC-Jewish Agency division and coordination of services for Moroccan emigration to Israel.

Morocco, Emigration, 1948-1954

Series 7: Morocco: Subject Matter: Medical

File 59: Morocco, Tuberculosis (Centre Anti-Tuberculeux Israelites), 1945-1952

Old Folder Number: 85

Miscellaneous on incidence of TB, medical care available, requests for services.

Morocco, Tuberculosis (Centre Anti-Tuberculeux Israelites), 1945-1952

Series 8: Morocco: Subject Matter: Property

File 47: Morocco, Community Property, 1949-1954

Old Folder Number: 67

Correspondence regarding use and disposal of properties purchased by JDC for projects that did not materialize.

Morocco, Community Property, 1949-1954

Series 9: Morocco: Subject Matter: Relief Supplies

File 55: Morocco, Relief Supplies, 1948-1954

Old Folder Number: 80

Memos on payments, shipments of relief supplies, duty-free certifications and problems with liability for customs charges.

Morocco, Relief Supplies, 1948-1954

File 56: Morocco, Relief Supplies: Medical, 1950-1952

Old Folder Number: 81

Memos on shipments of supplies of Aueromycin and Animal Protein Factor capsules.

Morocco, Relief Supplies: Medical, 1950-1952

Series 10: Morocco: Subject Matter: Religious, Cultural, and Educational

File 48: Morocco, Education, 1947-1954

Old Folder Number: 69

Reports, correspondence, press releases regarding the organization, limits on Jewish and secular education in Morocco.

Morocco, Education, 1947-1954

File 65: Morocco, Lubavitch Yeshiva, 1951-1954

Old Folder Number: 94

JDC memos, correspondence regarding expansion of Lubavitch yeshivot in Morocco.

Morocco, Lubavitch Yeshiva, 1951-1954

File 68: Morocco, Ozar Hatorah, 1952-1954

Old Folder Number: 101

Correspondence, reports, accounting letters on financial transfers, receipts of Ozar Hatorah religious schools.

Morocco, Ozar Hatorah, 1952-1954

File 69: Morocco, Ozar Hatorah, 1951

Old Folder Number: 102

Ozar Hatorah annual report (1951). Correspondence on negotiations between Ozar Hatorah, Alliance Israelite Universelle and community on Talmud Torah, under construction in Casablanca.

Morocco, Ozar Hatorah, 1951

File 70: Morocco, Ozar Hatorah, 1947-1950

Old Folder Number: 102

Correspondence, memos regarding Ozar Hatorah’s efforts to establish religious education in Morocco; role and limits of JDC assistance to Ozar Hatorah. Ozar Hatorah report on the first year of its activities (1946-1947).

Morocco, Ozar Hatorah, 1947-1950

File 46: Morocco, Building Activities, 1953

Old Folder Number: 66

Correspondence regarding offer by the firm Craig-Stanton to participate in construction projects in North Africa.

File 50: Morocco, Feeding Program, 1948-1950

Old Folder Number: 71

orrespondence regarding the use of a special “food product” for extremely malnourished young children, provided by Lederle Laboratories.

File 54: Morocco, Nutrition, 1950-1952

Old Folder Number: 77

Correspondence on JDC arrangements for participation in an experimental nutrition program, using “Animal Protein Factor capsules” and “Aueromycin,” provided by Lederle Laboratories.

Morocco, Nutrition, 1950-1952

File 60: Morocco, Youth Program, 1945-1954

Old Folder Number: 87

Correspondence, bill for materials for youth program in Casablanca. Correspondence with Boy Scouts of America regarding materials, with Jewish Agency regarding teachers.

Morocco, Youth Program, 1945-1954

Record Group: Mozambique

Series 1: Mozambique: Administration: Financial

File 75: Mozambique, Transfer of Funds for Refugees in Lourenco Marques, 1949

Old Folder Number: 109

Memos on freight charges, relief supplies. Correspondence regarding South African Jewish Appeal’s problems with domestic currency conversion regulations.

Mozambique, Transfer of Funds for Refugees in Lourenco Marques, 1949

Record Group: New Zealand

Series 1: New Zealand: Administration: General

File 708: New Zealand, General, 1944, 1946-1953

Old Folder Number: 915

Miscellaneous on immigration, care of orphans, fund-raising and remittances.

New Zealand, General, 1944, 1946-1953

Record Group: Nicaragua

Series 1: Nicaragua: Administration: General

File 709: Nicaragua, General, 1942, 1947-1948, 1950

Old Folder Number: 8

Miscellaneous correspondence, primarily on fund-raising.

Nicaragua, General, 1942, 1947-1948, 1950

Record Group: North Africa

Series 1: North Africa: Administration: Financial

File 7: North Africa, Bank Accounts, 1949-1950

Old Folder Number: 8

JDC resolutions, memos on authorized signatories for bank accounts in North Africa.

North Africa, Bank Accounts, 1949-1950

Series 2: North Africa: Administration: General

File 5: North Africa, General, 1950-1954

Old Folder Number: 6

Correspondence, reports on the deteriorating political, economic, socials conditions and impact on a half-million Jews in North Africa.

North Africa, General, 1950-1954

File 6: North Africa, General, 1945-1949

Old Folder Number: 7

Reports on Jews in Moslem lands; and on political, social and economic conditions of Jews in North Africa, where majority live in squalor, with high rate of disease.

North Africa, General, 1945-1949

Series 3: North Africa: Subject Matter: Emigration and Immigration

File 9: North Africa, Emigration, 1944-1954

Old Folder Number: 11

Reports on multinational origins and character of refugee problem in North Africa.

North Africa, Emigration, 1944-1954

Series 4: North Africa: Subject Matter: Medical

File 11: North Africa, Medical, 1947-1952

Old Folder Number: 14

Field reports on poor medical and hygienic conditions in Morocco and Tunisia.

North Africa, Medical, 1947-1952

Series 5: North Africa: Subject Matter: Reconstruction

File 10: North Africa, Loan Kassas, 1951-1954

Old Folder Number: 13

Reports on economic aid to Jewish artisans in Morocco and Tunisia.

North Africa, Loan Kassas, 1951-1954

Series 6: North Africa: Subject Matter: Relief Supplies

File 12: North Africa, Relief Supplies, 1949-1954

Old Folder Number: 15

Reports, correspondence on shipments of relief supplies, as well as of donations of clothing.

North Africa, Relief Supplies, 1949-1954

Series 7: North Africa: Subject Matter: Religious, Cultural, and Educational

File 8: North Africa, Education, 1946-1954

Old Folder Number: 10

Reports on general, religious and vocational education and training.

North Africa, Education, 1946-1954

Record Group: Norway

Series 1: Norway: Administration: Financial

File 712: Norway, Financial, 1945-1954

Old Folder Number: 918

Miscellaneous accounting memos, correspondence on payments, Norwegian loan; occasional monthly financial reports of Jodiske Sosialmend.

Norway, Financial, 1945-1954

Series 2: Norway: Administration: General

File 710: Norway, General, 1946-1954

Old Folder Number: 916

Miscellaneous on Norwegian aid to refugees, displaced persons and the hard-core. Correspondence on the small size and solid organization of the local Jewish community.

Norway, General, 1946-1954

Series 3: Norway: Subject Matter: Children

File 711: Norway, Children, 1946-1951

Old Folder Number: 917

Correspondence, cables on proposal to bring 2,000 children to Norway; miscellaneous on children’s home.

Norway, Children, 1946-1951

Series 4: Norway: Subject Matter: Refugees

File 713: Norway, Refugees, 1946-1950

Old Folder Number: 920

Narrative reports on displaced persons in Norway. Correspondence about Norway’s willingness to accept refugees and impact of severe housing shortage.

Norway, Refugees, 1946-1950

File 714: Norway, Refugees: TB Patients, 1952-1954

Old Folder Number: 921

Miscellaneous, primarily press releases on rehabilitation in Norway of TB and post-TB refugees.

Norway, Refugees: TB Patients, 1952-1954

Series 5: Norway: Subject Matter: Relief Supplies

File 715: Norway, Relief Supplies: General, 1947-1948

Old Folder Number: 922

Cables regarding relief supplies.

Norway, Relief Supplies: General, 1947-1948

Record Group: Panama

Series 1: Panama: Administration: Fund-Raising

File 717: Panama, Fund-Raising, 1945-1954

Old Folder Number: 924

Fund-raising letters, possible contributors; descriptions of communal factions in Panama

Panama, Fund-Raising, 1945-1954

Series 2: Panama: Administration: General

File 716: Panama, General, 1945-1950, 1956

Old Folder Number: 923

Miscellaneous correspondence on aid to individuals in/via the Canal Zone.

Panama, General, 1945-1950, 1956

Series 3: Panama: Subject Matter: Emigration and Immigration

File 718: Panama, Immigration, 1948-1952

Old Folder Number: 925

Correspondence on Panama Canal as transit point.

Panama, Immigration, 1948-1952

Record Group: Paraguay

Series 1: Paraguay: Administration: Financial

File 954: Paraguay, Financial, 1947-1952

Old Folder Number: 1169

Accounting correspondence on migration expenses, including flights (primarily from Europe). Lists names on correspondence regarding migration expenses.

Paraguay, Financial, 1947-1952

Series 2: Paraguay: Administration: General

File 953: Paraguay, General, 1945-1948, 1950-1951

Old Folder Number: 1168

Correspondence on conditions for refugees, fund-raising. Beatriz Pollack report (October 15, 1947) on migration, reception, fund-raising, kassas.

Paraguay, General, 1945-1948, 1950-1951

Series 3: Subject Matter: Emigration and Immigration

File 955: Paraguay, Immigration, 1946-1949, 1952

Old Folder Number: 1170

Correspondence on restrictions on and suspension of immigration, effects of revolution in Paraguay.

Paraguay, Immigration, 1946-1949, 1952

Record Group: Peru

Series 1: Peru: Administration: Financial

File 957: Peru, Financial, 1947-1955

Old Folder Number: 1173

Correspondence regarding aid to transmigrants, transportation deposits, debts of Comite de Proteccion a los Immigrantes del Peru. References to Comite’s financial statements (not included).

Peru, Financial, 1947-1955

Series 2: Peru: Administration: Fund-Raising

File 958: Peru, Fund-Raising, 1941-1944, 1945-1954, 1959

Old Folder Number: 1174

Correspondence regarding the organization and results of fund-raising.

Peru, Fund-Raising, 1941-1944, 1945-1954, 1959

Series 3: Peru: Administration: General

File 956: Peru, General, 1941, 1945-1947, 1949-1952, 1956

Old Folder Number: 1171

Miscellaneous correspondence, including International Committee of the Red Cross fund-raising letter (May 9, 1947).

Peru, General, 1941, 1945-1947, 1949-1952, 1956

Series 4: Peru: Organizations

File 960: Peru, Organizations, Printed Matter, 1941, 1944-1946

Old Folder Number: 1172

Bulletins of Sociedad de Beneficencia Israelita, “Nostros” magazine (November 1944).

Peru, Organizations, Printed Matter, 1941, 1944-1946

Series 5: Peru: Subject Matter: Emigration and Immigration

File 959: Peru, Immigration, 1945-1948

Old Folder Number: 1175

Correspondence, news accounts on government immigration policy. Miscellaneous financial reports.

Peru, Immigration, 1945-1948

Record Group: Philippines

Series 1: Philippines: Administration: General

File 719: Philippines, General, 1953-1954

Old Folder Number: 927

Financial reports, primarily on payments for medical care; correspondence regarding Jewish community’s claim to U.S. War Claims Commission for damage to community building.

Philippines, General, 1953-1954

File 720: Philippines, General, 1951-1952

Old Folder Number: 927

Financial reports, accounting letters; correspondence regarding Jewish community’s claim to U.S. War Claims Commission for damage to Temple Emil Congregation. “Information Bulletins” (assorted issues), mimeos produced by community, including reprints of speeches, articles.

Philippines, General, 1951-1952

File 721: Philippines, General, 1950

Old Folder Number: 928

Financial reports, accounting letters; materials regarding communal claim to U.S. War Claims Commission. Occasional “Information Bulletins,” mimeos produced by community, including reprints of speeches, articles.

Philippines, General, 1950

File 722: Philippines, General, 1949

Old Folder Number: 928

Financial reports, accounting letters. Community “Information Bulletins”; January 1949 bulletin includes statistical data on Jewish community.

Philippines, General, 1949

File 723: Philippines, General, 1948

Old Folder Number: 928

Financial reports, accounting letters, correspondence on migration. Community “Information Bulletins.”

Philippines, General, 1948

File 724: Philippines, General, 1946-1947

Old Folder Number: 929

Miscellaneous financial reports, correspondence, including on Servicemen’s Trust Fund (contributions to local community from American Jewish troops stationed in Philippines), reopening of Temple Emil.

Philippines, General, 1946-1947

File 725: Philippines, General, IX.-XII.1945

Old Folder Number: 930

Philippines, General, IX.-XII.1945

File 726: Philippines, General, II.-VIII.1945

Old Folder Number: 930

Correspondence on conditions of local Jewish community. Correspondence, cables regarding fund-raising by U.S. service members to rebuild Manila synagogue.

Philippines, General, II.-VIII.1945

Record Group: Poland

Series 1: Poland: Administration: Financial

File 753: Poland, Financial: Advances, 1945-1949

Old Folder Number: 940

Cables, accounting memos on loans, claims, remittances.

Poland, Financial: Advances, 1945-1949

File 754: Poland, Financial: Advances, 1939-1942

Old Folder Number: 940

War-era correspondence, cables, accounting memos on loans, claims, remittances.

Poland, Financial: Advances, 1939-1942

File 755: Poland, Financial: Budget, 1948

Old Folder Number: 945

Miscellaneous on JDC allocations.

Poland, Financial: Budget, 1948

File 756: Poland, Financial: Budget, 1945-1947

Old Folder Number: 946

Miscellaneous on JDC allocations, arrangements with Polish government and Central Jewish Committee.

Poland, Financial: Budget, 1945-1947

File 757: Poland, Financial: Summary of Budgets, 1947

Old Folder Number: 947

Budgets of subventioned organizations for first half of 1947.

Poland, Financial: Summary of Budgets, 1947

File 758: Poland, Financial: Commodity Remittance, 1948
File 795: Poland, Transfer of Funds: General, 1945-1950
File 796: Poland, Transfer of Funds: General, 1936-1941
File 797: Poland, Transfer of Funds: A-Z, 1945-1949

Old Folder Number: 1000

Correspondence and releases on payments against individual claims.

Poland, Transfer of Funds: A-Z, 1945-1949

File 798: Poland, Transfer of Funds: Agudath Israel, 1947-1948
File 799: Poland, Transfer of Funds: Adolf Berman, 1946-1950
File 800: Poland, Transfer of Funds: Efraim Birenbaum, 1948-1954
File 801: Poland, Transfer of Funds: Matys Checinski, 1945-1950
File 802: Poland, Transfer of Funds: Dr. Bogumil Endelman, 1947
File 803: Poland, Transfer of Funds: Hebrew University, 1939-1948
File 804: Poland, Transfer of Funds: Independent Zionists, 1947-1948, 1952
File 805: Poland, Transfer of Funds: Boleslav Kobryner, 1947-1951
File 806: Poland, Transfer of Funds: Marek Koenigstein, 1946-1948
File 807: Poland, Transfer of Funds: Ludwig Szenfeld Krakowski, 1946-1947
File 808: Poland, Transfer of Funds: Jacob Kurtz, 1946-1947
File 809: Poland, Transfer of Funds: Leon Leslau, 1946-1949
File 810: Poland, Transfer of Funds: Motion Picture Export Association, 1947-1949

Old Folder Number: 1013

Correspondence on purchase, exchange of zlotys.

Poland, Transfer of Funds: Motion Picture Export Association, 1947-1949

File 812: Poland, Transfer of Funds: Judel and Estera Rozin, 1946-1947
File 813: Poland, Transfer of Funds: Tadeusz Plucer Sarna, 1947-1948

Old Folder Number: 1015

Correspondence regarding transfer of funds for rental of Children’s Home at Srodborow.

Poland, Transfer of Funds: Tadeusz Plucer Sarna, 1947-1948

File 814: Poland, Transfer of Funds: Jacob Wulach (Walach), 1946
File 815: Poland, Transfer of Funds: Dr. Zorach Warhaftig, 1946-1948
File 816: Poland, Transfer of Funds: Warsaw Discount Bank, 1945-1950

Old Folder Number: 1025

Correspondence on JDC’s $40,000 claim.

Poland, Transfer of Funds: Warsaw Discount Bank, 1945-1950

Series 2: Poland: Administration: General

File 727: Poland, General, 1950

Old Folder Number: 935

Correspondence, reports on closure, liquidation of JDC operations, impact on services (as of December 31, 1949). “Jewish Life in Poland,” publication of Polish Research and Information Service (New York) on institutions, organizations, activities.

Poland, General, 1950

File 728: Poland, General, 1949

Old Folder Number: 935

Correspondence, reports, news accounts of JDC operations, activities, local conditions, “Jewish Life in Poland,” publication of Polish Research and Information Service (New York) on institutions, organizations, activities. Neue Zürcher Zeitung article (January 3, 1949) on “accelerated Sovietization in Poland.”

Poland, General, 1949

File 729: Poland, General, VII.-XII.1948

Old Folder Number: 936

Reports, correspondence on JDC activities, financial matters, local conditions. Publications of Polish Research and Information Service (New York): “Religious Life in Poland” and “Jewish Life in Poland,” including reference (December 1948) to possible creation of Central Archives and Museum of Polish Jewry and the Warsaw Ghetto archives of Emanuel Ringelbaum.

Poland, General, VII.-XII.1948

File 730: Poland, General, I.-VI.1948

Old Folder Number: 936

Correspondence and reports on JDC activities, local economic and political conditions, cooperatives, religious and Zionist activities. Polish Research and Information Service (New York) material on institutions, organizations, activities; Leon Shapiro essay on Poland from American Jewish Year Book, Vol. 49 (1947-1948).

Poland, General, I.-VI.1948

File 731: Poland, General, VII.-XII.1947

Old Folder Number: 937

Correspondence, reports on JDC activities, communal and political conditions. World Jewish Congress report (October 17, 1947) on organizations and attitudes toward Jews in Poland. Report (October 7, 1947) by Mordecai Ezekiel (consultant, Council of Jewish Federations). “Jewish Life in Poland,” “Poland of Today,” publications of Polish Research and Information Service (New York).

Poland, General, VII.-XII.1947

File 732: Poland, General, I.-VI.1947

Old Folder Number: 937

Correspondence, reports from William Bein on JDC activities, communal and political conditions. Correspondence with Polish officials on mechanism for currency exchange.

Poland, General, I.-VI.1947

File 733: Poland, General, X.-XII.1946

Old Folder Number: 933,938

Reports, correspondence on JDC activities, expenditures for welfare, rehabilitation, reconstruction.

Poland, General, X.-XII.1946

File 734: Poland, General, VII.-IX.1946

Old Folder Number: 933,938

Correspondence on local conditions, welfare and maintenance for repatriates from Soviet Union, negotiations with Central Jewish Committee on aid. Financial correspondence on currency transactions, exchange rates, sales of supplies.

Poland, General, VII.-IX.1946

File 735: Poland, General, I.-VI.1946

Old Folder Number: 933,938

Correspondence regarding repatriates from Soviet Union, including welfare, relief, maintenance; negotiations with Central Jewish Committee on aid. Miscellaneous on criticism in Yiddish media.

Poland, General, I.-VI.1946

File 736: Poland, General, VII.-XII.1945

Old Folder Number: 939

Miscellaneous correspondence from Joseph Schwartz on conditions, logistics of providing relief, operations. Douglas Steere report on Quaker visit to Poland (September 30-October 10).

Poland, General, VII.-XII.1945

File 737: Poland, General, I.-VI.1945

Old Folder Number: 939

Reports, correspondence on conditions, logistics, including report on emergency relief problem by “Polish Auxiliary Group.”

Poland, General, I.-VI.1945

Series 3: Poland: Administration: Personnel

File 777: Poland, Personnel, 1949

Old Folder Number: 978

Poland, Personnel, 1949

Series 4: Poland: Localities

File 763: Poland, Localities: A-K, 1939, 1945-1949

Old Folder Number: 1020

Cables, correspondence on relief, aid from landsmanschaften, attempts to locate survivors, determine size of surviving communities. [See 45/54 # 794, Poland, Survivors, Localities]

Poland, Localities: A-K, 1939, 1945-1949

File 764: Poland, Localities: L-P, 1944-1954

Old Folder Number: 1021

Cables, correspondence on relief, aid from landsmanschaften, attempts to locate survivors, determine size of surviving communities. [See 45/54 # 794, Poland, Survivors, Localities]

Poland, Localities: L-P, 1944-1954

File 765: Poland, Localities: R-Z, 1944-1953

Old Folder Number: 1023

Cables, correspondence on relief, aid from landsmanschaften, attempts to locate survivors, determine size of surviving communities. [See 45/54 # 794, Poland, Survivors, Localities]

Poland, Localities: R-Z, 1944-1953

Series 5: Poland: Organizations

File 739: Poland, AJDC Archives in Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw, 1939-1944, 1963-1967

Old Folder Number: 944

Material on project to microfilm JDC records, archives in Poland. List (January 4, 1964) of materials (1940-1941) microfilmed.

Poland, AJDC Archives in Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw, 1939-1944, 1963-1967

File 770: Poland, Organizations and Institutions A-Z, 1946-1949

Old Folder Number: 1027

Correspondence, cables on supplies, relief.

Poland, Organizations and Institutions A-Z, 1946-1949

File 771: Poland, Agudath Israel Kibbutzim, 1946-1949

Old Folder Number: 1028

Correspondence on aid, supplies.

Poland, Agudath Israel Kibbutzim, 1946-1949

File 772: Poland, Central Committee of Jews in Poland, 1946-1949

Old Folder Number: 1029

Miscellaneous on delegation’s visit to U.S., relief work, Warsaw Ghetto commemoration, on committee’s relations with World Jewish Congress.

Poland, Central Committee of Jews in Poland, 1946-1949

File 773: Poland, Central Committee of Jews in Poland, Delegation to USA and South America, 1946-1948

Old Folder Number: 1030

Correspondence on delegation, its agenda, meetings. Minutes of meeting (May 23, 1946) of delegation at JDC headquarters.

Poland, Central Committee of Jews in Poland, Delegation to USA and South America, 1946-1948

File 774: Poland, Jewish Historical Institute, 1947

Old Folder Number: 1032

Correspondence on purchase of materials, archives, photographs. [See 45/54 # 739, Poland, AJDC Archives in Jewish Historical Institute]

Poland, Jewish Historical Institute, 1947

File 775: Poland, Towarzystwo Ochrony Zdrowia (TOZ), 1945-1949

Old Folder Number: 1033

Miscellaneous on JDC support. See 45/54 # 766, Poland, Medical: General

Poland, Towarzystwo Ochrony Zdrowia (TOZ), 1945-1949

File 776: Poland, United Poale Zion Organization in Poland, 1947-1950, 1962-1963

Series 6: Poland: Subject Matter: Property

File 778: Poland, Property, Donations, 1947-1949

Old Folder Number: 962

Correspondence regarding properties, inheritances in Poland that individuals wish to donate to JDC; memos on JDC policy against receiving such gifts.

Poland, Property, Donations, 1947-1949

File 779: Poland, Property, Restitution, 1946-1949, 1957

Old Folder Number: 991

Materials on property lefts, property claims in Poland, role of JDC in restitution.

Poland, Property, Restitution, 1946-1949, 1957

Series 7: Poland: Subject Matter: Children

File 741: Poland, Children: General, 1942, 1944, 1946-1949, 1961, 1982

Old Folder Number: 953

Miscellaneous on care, maintenance, emigration, education and reclamation of Jewish children, including those in non-Jewish homes.

Poland, Children: General, 1942, 1944, 1946-1949, 1961, 1982

File 742: Poland, Children: Children’s Home, Bytom, 1947

Old Folder Number: 951

Miscellaneous regarding children’s home at Bytom.

Poland, Children: Children’s Home, Bytom, 1947

File 743: Poland, Children: Children’s Home, Cracow, 1946-1949

Old Folder Number: 952

Miscellaneous regarding children’s home in Cracow, including correspondence on kashrut.

Poland, Children: Children’s Home, Cracow, 1946-1949

File 744: Poland, Children: Children’s Home, Srodborow, 1947-1948

Old Folder Number: 954

Miscellaneous correspondence on children’s home in Srodborow.

Poland, Children: Children’s Home, Srodborow, 1947-1948

File 745: Poland, Children: Children’s Home, Warsaw, 1947

Old Folder Number: 955

Miscellaneous correspondence.

Poland, Children: Children’s Home, Warsaw, 1947

File 746: Poland, Children: Children’s Home, Zakopane, 1946

Old Folder Number: 956

Miscellaneous correspondence, including anticipation that the Galitzianer Farband in Buenos Aires will help care for orphans.

Poland, Children: Children’s Home, Zakopane, 1946

File 747: Poland, Children: Orphanage, Brzezany, 1940, 1947-1948

Old Folder Number: 957

Correspondence on effort to recover property that had been orphanage (now located in Soviet Union); history of Brzezany orphanage in Poland between 1920 and 1939.

Poland, Children: Orphanage, Brzezany, 1940, 1947-1948

File 748: Poland, Children: Children’s TB Sanatorium, Srodborow, 1948

Old Folder Number: 958

Correspondence regarding supplies, donations for children’s sanatorium in Srodborow.

Poland, Children: Children’s TB Sanatorium, Srodborow, 1948

Series 8: Poland: Subject Matter: Emigration and Immigration

File 752: Poland, Emigration, 1946-1951

Old Folder Number: 963

Correspondence, memos on frantic flight, Polish emigration restrictions, problems of Jewish refugees, orphans in France. Financial memos, cables on emigration payments.

Poland, Emigration, 1946-1951

Series 9: Poland: Subject Matter: Medical

File 766: Poland, Medical: General, 1945-1950

Old Folder Number: 976

Correspondence, reports on medical condition of population, needs, supplies, equipment and facilities; medical center in Lower Silesia named in memory of David Guzik.

Poland, Medical: General, 1945-1950

File 767: Poland, Medical: Assistance to the Blind, 1947

Old Folder Number: 981

Correspondence on care, supplies for the blind.

Poland, Medical: Assistance to the Blind, 1947

File 768: Poland, Medical: “Maladie de Famine” (“Effects of Starvation on Health”), 1946-1953

Old Folder Number: 969

Correspondence on the 1946 publication of hand-written manuscript produced by physicians in the Warsaw Ghetto on “Maladie de Famine” (“Choroba Glodowa,” “Effects of Starvation on Health”), unique scientific study of effects of the slow starvation of the population.

Poland, Medical: “Maladie de Famine” (“Effects of Starvation on Health”), 1946-1953

File 769: Poland, Medical: Nurses’ Training Course, 1947-1948

Old Folder Number: 977

Correspondence regarding training course (curriculum, texts) for nurses in Walbrzych.

Poland, Medical: Nurses’ Training Course, 1947-1948

Series 10: Poland: Subject Matter: Reconstruction

File 750: Poland, Cooperatives and Loan Kassas, 1949-1950

Old Folder Number: 961

Reconstruction Department report on “Economic Rehabilitation of Polish Jewry, 1945-49.” Correspondence on supplies for needle trades, activities of the Jewish Bank for Rehabilitation and producers’ cooperatives.

Poland, Cooperatives and Loan Kassas, 1949-1950

File 751: Poland, Cooperatives and Loan Kassas, 1945-1948

Old Folder Number: 961

Miscellaneous on legal changes affecting the Jewish cooperatives. Correspondence on machinery, supplies.

Poland, Cooperatives and Loan Kassas, 1945-1948

Series 11: Poland: Subject Matter: Refugees

File 780: Poland, Refugees: General, 1946-1948

Old Folder Number: 980

Correspondence, cables about panic, flight of Jews out of Poland, needs of refugees in transit to UNRRA camps in Germany and Austria.

Poland, Refugees: General, 1946-1948

File 781: Poland, Refugees, Repatriation from USSR, 1945-1947

Old Folder Number: 988

Correspondence regarding massive influx of Jews from Soviet Union, their poor condition, urgent need for emergency aid.

Poland, Refugees, Repatriation from USSR, 1945-1947

Series 12: Poland: Subject Matter: Relief Supplies

File 782: Poland, Relief Supplies, 1948-1952

Old Folder Number: 982

Cables, correspondence on relief supplies, including food, Passover supplies, machinery, raw materials, clothing.

Poland, Relief Supplies, 1948-1952

File 783: Poland, Relief Supplies, 1947

Old Folder Number: 928

Cables, correspondence on relief supplies, including food, Passover supplies, machinery, raw materials, clothing. Correspondence about unsuitability of sewing

Poland, Relief Supplies, 1947

File 784: Poland, Relief Supplies, 1946

Old Folder Number: 983

Cables, correspondence on relief supplies, including food, Passover supplies, machinery, raw materials, clothing, inventories.

Poland, Relief Supplies, 1946

File 785: Poland, Relief Supplies, VII.-XII.1945

Old Folder Number: 984

Reports, cables, correspondence on relief supplies, including food, medicines, machinery, raw materials, clothing.

Poland, Relief Supplies, VII.-XII.1945

File 786: Poland, Relief Supplies, I.-VI. 1945

Old Folder Number: 984

Correspondence, reports on relief supplies, including food, medicines, machinery, raw materials, clothing.

Poland, Relief Supplies, I.-VI.

File 787: Poland, Relief Supplies: Books and Films, 1945-1950

Old Folder Number: 985

Correspondence requesting books (general, reference and texts), films.

Poland, Relief Supplies: Books and Films, 1945-1950

File 788: Poland, Relief Supplies: Floods, 1947

Old Folder Number: 968

Correspondence regarding contributions of relief supplies to flood victims.

Poland, Relief Supplies: Floods, 1947

File 789: Poland, Relief Supplies: Food Packages, 1944-1948

Old Folder Number: 986

Correspondence on food packages, including requests from individuals and communities to arrange for food parcels in Poland, Ukraine, Vilna. Correspondence regarding disruption of parcel service from Tehran.

Poland, Relief Supplies: Food Packages, 1944-1948

File 790: Poland, Relief Supplies: Medical, 1945-1951

Old Folder Number: 987

Correspondence regarding medical supplies, including extensive appeals seeking medicines on behalf of individuals.

Poland, Relief Supplies: Medical, 1945-1951

File 791: Poland, Religious Supplies, 1945, 1949

Old Folder Number: 979

Correspondence regarding supplies, facilities for religious life, including ritual objects, education, mikvaot.

Poland, Religious Supplies, 1945, 1949

Series 13: Poland: Subject Matter: Religious, Cultural, and Educational

File 792: Poland, Schools, 1946-1949

Old Folder Number: 992

Correspondence, including war claim against JDC for payment against August 1939 check to Central Jewish School Organization.

Poland, Schools, 1946-1949

File 738: Poland, Anti-Semitism, 1945

Old Folder Number: 941

News accounts from Polish newspaper Robotnik on anti-Jewish rioting in towns in which a number of Jews lost their lives and comment from a Polish priest warning against anti-Jewish excesses.

Poland, Anti-Semitism, 1945

File 740: Poland, Bulletins, I.-II. 1947

Old Folder Number: 948

Miscellaneous announcements, short news items compiled into monthly “bulletins” (carbon copies).

Poland, Bulletins, I.-II. 1947

File 749: Poland, Complaints, 1946

Old Folder Number: 960

Materials on arrangements for visit to Poland by delegation from landsmanschaften after criticism of the JDC in the Yiddish press; correspondence responding to criticism.

Poland, Complaints, 1946

File 760: Poland, Inquiries, 1945-1954

Old Folder Number: 973

Miscellaneous inquiries about JDC activities and opportunities to provide relief to individuals, institutions and communities in Poland.

Poland, Inquiries, 1945-1954

File 761: Poland, Jewish Writers, 1946-1948

Old Folder Number: 974

Correspondence regarding aid to Yiddish/Jewish writers, including appeal from Sholem Asch (June 12, 1946).

Poland, Jewish Writers, 1946-1948

File 762: Poland, Lawyers, 1947-1948

Old Folder Number: 975

List of Jewish lawyers in Poland, presumably those available to render legal aid. Lists names of Jewish lawyers in Poland.

Poland, Lawyers, 1947-1948

File 793: Poland, Survivors, Lists, 1945

Old Folder Number: 994

Names primarily of survivors from Lublin who have relatives in the U.S. Contains list of Holocaust Survivors.

Poland, Survivors, Lists, 1945

File 794: Poland, Survivors, Localities A-Z, 1945-1948

Old Folder Number: 995

Correspondence regarding supplies, contributions from landsmanschaften. See 45/54 # 763-765, Poland, Localities

Poland, Survivors, Localities A-Z, 1945-1948

File 817: Poland, Warsaw Ghetto Commemorations and Monuments, 1944, 1945-1950, 1954

Old Folder Number: 1024,1026

Correspondence on financing monument; printed materials.

Poland, Warsaw Ghetto Commemorations and Monuments, 1944, 1945-1950, 1954

Record Group: Portugal

Series 1: Portugal: Administration: Financial

File 819: Portugal, Financial, 1945-1954

Old Folder Number: 1036

Accounting memos, correspondence on remittances, currency transfers for maintenance of refugees.

Portugal, Financial, 1945-1954

File 820: Portugal, Financial Reports: JDC, 1948-1949

Old Folder Number: 1036

Monthly financial reports on operations (incomplete); International Refugee Organization (IRO) statements. Lists names on International Refugee Organization (IRO) statements.

Portugal, Financial Reports: JDC, 1948-1949

File 821: Portugal, Financial Reports: JDC, 1947

Old Folder Number: 1037

Monthly financial reports on operations (incomplete).

Portugal, Financial Reports: JDC, 1947

File 822: Portugal, Financial Reports: Comunidade Israelite de Lisboa, I.-VI. 1949

Old Folder Number: 1039

Financial and statistical reports.

Portugal, Financial Reports: Comunidade Israelite de Lisboa, I.-VI. 1949

File 823: Portugal, Financial Reports: Comunidade Israelite de Lisboa, 1948

Old Folder Number: 1038

Financial and statistical reports.

Portugal, Financial Reports: Comunidade Israelite de Lisboa, 1948

File 824: Portugal, Financial Reports: Comunidade Israelite de Lisboa, 1945-1947

Old Folder Number: 1038

Financial and statistical reports.

Portugal, Financial Reports: Comunidade Israelite de Lisboa, 1945-1947

Series 2: Portugal: Administration: General

File 818: Portugal, General, 1944, 1945-1952

Old Folder Number: 1035

Miscellaneous correspondence.

Portugal, General, 1944, 1945-1952

Record Group: Romania

Series 1: Romania: Administration: Financial

File 838: Romania, Financial, 1945-1948

Old Folder Number: 1052

Accounting correspondence, memos on financial transfers, currency exchange, expenses. Contains names listed on relief lists.

Romania, Financial, 1945-1948

Series 2: Romania: Administration: General

File 825: Romania, General, 1950-1953

Old Folder Number: 1041

See Relief in Transit

Romania, General, 1950-1953

File 826: Romania, General, 1949

Old Folder Number: 1043

Correspondence on government nationalizations, decree (March 8, 1949) closing JDC and ORT operations. Jewish Telegraphic Agency accounts (datelined Bucharest) on government seizures, communal organization, criminal prosecutions.

Romania, General, 1949

File 827: Romania, General, VII.-XII.1948

Old Folder Number: 1044

Correspondence on government nationalizations of banks, hospitals, schools. Jewish Telegraphic Agency accounts on purges. Accounting memos, correspondence on remittances.

Romania, General, VII.-XII.1948

File 828: Romania, General, I.-VI.1948

Old Folder Number: 1044

Correspondence, reports, including Elias Costiner report (April 1948) on JDC activities. Jewish Telegraphic Agency accounts on new constitution, legal rights. Miscellaneous accounting memos.

Romania, General, I.-VI.1948

File 829: Romania, General, VII.-XII.1947

Old Folder Number: 1045

Correspondence, reports on situation of Jews in Romania. Miscellaneous complaints against JDC. Correspondence on exchange rates, currency stabilization, commodities.

Romania, General, VII.-XII.1947

File 830: Romania, General, I.-VI.1947

Old Folder Number: 1045

Summaries of activities, correspondence on operations. Correspondence regarding currency exchange, trade with government, grain purchases.

Romania, General, I.-VI.1947

File 831: Romania, General, VII.-XII.1946

Old Folder Number: 1046

Memos, statistical reports on activities, repatriation.

Romania, General, VII.-XII.1946

File 832: Romania, General, I.-VI.1946

Old Folder Number: 1046

Reports on activities, miscellaneous on repatriation.

Romania, General, I.-VI.1946

File 833: Romania, General, 1945

Old Folder Number: 1047

Correspondence, cables on arrangements for JDC operations, including personnel, financing, government approval for financial transactions.

Romania, General, 1945

Series 3: Romania: Localities

File 839: Romania, Localities: A-Z, 1944-1948

Old Folder Number: 1061

Correspondence on condition, appeals for aid, complaints. Memo (December 8, 1946) on Jews in Bukovina. Contains list of survivors in Botosani, 1944.

Romania, Localities: A-Z, 1944-1948

File 840: Romania, Jassy (Jasi), 1947

Old Folder Number: 1060

Correspondence on aid.

Romania, Jassy (Jasi), 1947

File 841: Romania, Transylvania, 1944-1948

Old Folder Number: 1062

Correspondence regarding requests for aid; competition and conflict between Jewish factions.

Romania, Transylvania, 1944-1948

Series 4: Romania: Organizations

File 843: Romania, Agudat Israel, 1947-1948

Old Folder Number: 1063

Miscellaneous correspondence, including requests for aid.

Romania, Agudat Israel, 1947-1948

File 844: Romania, Central Organization of Hapoel Hamizrachi, 1946-1947

Old Folder Number: 1067

Appeals for funds for orphanage, hachsharot for children. [See also 45/54 # 834, Romania, Children]

Romania, Central Organization of Hapoel Hamizrachi, 1946-1947

File 845: Romania, Cultura Agricola, 1945-1949

Old Folder Number: 1064

Correspondence, including discontinuation of JDC aid. Printed report on 1945-1949 activities.

Romania, Cultura Agricola, 1945-1949

File 846: Romania, International Red Cross, 1945-1946

Old Folder Number: 1066

Correspondence (French, German) regarding maternal and child care, medical, feeding assistance in Bucharest, Jassy.

Romania, International Red Cross, 1945-1946

Series 5: Romania: Subject Matter: Children

File 834: Romania, Children, 1945-1948

Old Folder Number: 1049

Correspondence on relief, maintenance and emigration of children.

Romania, Children, 1945-1948

Series 6: Romania: Subject Matter: Emigration and Immigration

File 837: Romania, Emigration, 1947-1951

Old Folder Number: 1051

Correspondence on arrangements, expenses of emigration; inconsistent government policy on emigration.

Romania, Emigration, 1947-1951

Series 7: Romania: Subject Matter: Medical

File 842: Romania, Medical, 1945-1949

Old Folder Number: 1054

Materials on requests for medical supplies, correspondence on government nationalizations of hospitals. [See also 45/54 # 852, Romania, Relief Supplies: Medical]

Romania, Medical, 1945-1949

Series 8: Romania: Subject Matter: Property

File 847: Romania, Property: Lengyel Sanatorium, Cluj, 1946-1949

Old Folder Number: 1068

Correspondence regarding proposal to buy facility in Cluj.

Romania, Property: Lengyel Sanatorium, Cluj, 1946-1949

Series 9: Romania: Subject Matter: Reconstruction

File 835: Romania, Cooperatives, 1945-1949

Old Folder Number: 1053

Correspondence, memos, minutes of meetings on development of loan kassas, cooperatives; miscellaneous on effects of government nationalizations on cooperatives.

Romania, Cooperatives, 1945-1949

Series 10: Romania: Subject Matter: Refugees

File 848: Romania, Refugees, 1945-1948

Old Folder Number: 1055

Materials on flight of Romanian Jews, refugees, obligation of JDC to provide relief, maintenance.

Romania, Refugees, 1945-1948

Series 11: Romania: Subject Matter: Relief Supplies

File 849: Romania, Relief Supplies: General, 1948-1950

Old Folder Number: 1056

Correspondence on supplies, including export permits, insurance, customs requirements.

Romania, Relief Supplies: General, 1948-1950

File 850: Romania, Relief Supplies: General, 1945-1947

Old Folder Number: 1056

Cables, correspondence on supplies, including logistics of distribution, permits, insurance, customs requirements. Correspondence on currency exchange.

Romania, Relief Supplies: General, 1945-1947

File 851: Romania, Relief Supplies: Food Packages, 1944-1950, 1954

Old Folder Number: 1057

Inquiries, correspondence about feasibility, value of sending parcels to Romania.

Romania, Relief Supplies: Food Packages, 1944-1950, 1954

File 852: Romania, Relief Supplies: Medical, 1945-1949, 1951

Old Folder Number: 1058

Accounting memos on supplies, UNRRA financing, customs charges, theft.

Romania, Relief Supplies: Medical, 1945-1949, 1951

Series 12: Romania: Subject Matter: Religious, Cultural, and Educational

File 836: Romania, Religious-Cultural Life, 1945-1950, 1955

Old Folder Number: 1048

Miscellaneous regarding religious education, religious supplies.

Romania, Religious-Cultural Life, 1945-1950, 1955

Series 13: Romania: Subject Matter: Restitution

File 853: Romania, Restitution, 1947-1949

Old Folder Number: 1059

Materials on government decree (June 29, 1948) on restoration of Jewish property.

Romania, Restitution, 1947-1949

Record Group: Singapore

Series 1: Singapore: Administration: General

File 854: Singapore, General, 1946, 1949

Old Folder Number: 1069

Correspondence about conditions in the local Jewish community.

Singapore, General, 1946, 1949

Record Group: South Africa

Series 1: South Africa: Administration: General

File 13: South Africa, General, 1951-1954

Old Folder Number: 16

News accounts (South Africa Jewish Times) on JDC support to OSE (1954).

South Africa, General, 1951-1954

Series 2: South Africa: Organizations

File 14: South Africa, Jewish Board of Deputies, Remittances, 1947-1948

Old Folder Number: 17

Accounting memos and correspondence on remittances to and from individuals via the Board of Deputies. Contains list of names on individual remittances.

South Africa, Jewish Board of Deputies, Remittances, 1947-1948

File 15: South Africa, Jewish Board of Deputies, Remittances, 1946

Old Folder Number: 18

Accounting memos and correspondence on remittances to and from individuals via the Board of Deputies. Contains list of names on individual remittances.

South Africa, Jewish Board of Deputies, Remittances, 1946

File 16: South Africa, Jewish Board of Deputies, Remittances, 1945

Old Folder Number: 19

Accounting memos and correspondence on remittances to and from individuals via the Board of Deputies. Contains list of names on individual remittances.

South Africa, Jewish Board of Deputies, Remittances, 1945

File 17: South Africa, Jewish Appeal, 1948-1954

Old Folder Number: 20

Report on socio-economic conditions of Jews in continental Europe, additional burden on JDC to care for 250,000 displaced persons in Germany, Austria, Italy and Cyprus after the demise of the UNRRA; references to struggle of Jews in Eastern Europe to regain economic foothold as region changes to a controlled economy. Several issues of Reconstruction, the newspaper of the South African Jewish Appeal.

South Africa, Jewish Appeal, 1948-1954

File 18: South Africa, Jewish Appeal, 1947

Old Folder Number: 21

Correspondence regarding communal pledges and South Africa’s “participation agreement” with JDC.

South Africa, Jewish Appeal, 1947

File 19: South Africa, Jewish Appeal, 1945-1946

Old Folder Number: 22

Correspondence on South Africa’s “participation agreement” with JDC; South Africa offers “welfare team” to work with JDC in Europe. Correspondence/cables regarding payments, export permits, relief shipments and requests for funds.

South Africa, Jewish Appeal, 1945-1946

File 20: South Africa, ORT/OSE, 1951-1954

Old Folder Number: 23

Correspondence on financing ORT/OSE, use of funds.

South Africa, ORT/OSE, 1951-1954

Series 3: South Africa: Subject Matter: Refugees

File 21: South Africa, Refugees in Mauritius, 1944-1945, 1963

Old Folder Number: 24

Reports, correspondence on the conditions and needs of European Jewish detainees who were refused entrance to Palestine in 1940 and sent to Mauritius, an island under British control; reached Israel in August 1945.

South Africa, Refugees in Mauritius, 1944-1945, 1963

File 22: South Africa, Refugees in Nyassaland, 1946

Old Folder Number: 25

Report by the “Council for Refugee Settlement” on conditions in Nyassaland, a “native protectorate,” where 98 Jewish evacuees from Cyprus had been for 30 months, as of January 1946.

South Africa, Refugees in Nyassaland, 1946

Record Group: South America

Series 1: South America: Administration: Financial

File 865: South America, Financial, 1950-1954

Old Folder Number: 1075,1076

Accounting correspondence, memos on expenditures, emigration payments, remittances, exchange rates.

South America, Financial, 1950-1954

File 866: South America, Financial, 1949

Old Folder Number: 1077

Miscellaneous correspondence, financial statements, accounting memos.

South America, Financial, 1949

File 867: South America, Financial, 1948

Old Folder Number: 1077

Miscellaneous correspondence, accounting memos, including currency exchange and allowances for cost of living. Lists names of passengers from Rio de Janeiro to Asuncion, 1948.

South America, Financial, 1948

File 868: South America, Financial, 1945-1947

Old Folder Number: 1075,1077

Miscellaneous correspondence, accounting memos, efforts to centralize accounting control, bookkeeping.

South America, Financial, 1945-1947

Series 2: South America: Administration: Fund-Raising

File 869: South America, Fund-Raising, 1953-1954

Old Folder Number: 1079

Miscellaneous materials on unifying fund-raising campaign.

South America, Fund-Raising, 1953-1954

File 870: South America, Fund-Raising, 1951-1952

Old Folder Number: 1080

Correspondence on JDC fund-raising campaign.

South America, Fund-Raising, 1951-1952

File 871: South America, Fund-Raising, 1950

Old Folder Number: 1081

Miscellaneous correspondence on fund-raising.

South America, Fund-Raising, 1950

File 872: South America, Fund-Raising, 1949

Old Folder Number: 1081

Materials on cessation of JDC functional activities in favor of fund-raising.

South America, Fund-Raising, 1949

File 873: South America, Fund-Raising, 1948

Old Folder Number: 1082

Correspondence on united fund-raising campaign.

South America, Fund-Raising, 1948

File 874: South America, Fund-Raising, 1947

Old Folder Number: 1083

Correspondence on united fund-raising campaigns and on fund-raising throughout South America, including Cuba, Mexico. Correspondence on legal requirements for transfers of funds, currency exchange. Miscellaneous newspaper accounts (Yiddish, Spanish).

South America, Fund-Raising, 1947

File 875: South America, Fund-Raising, 1945-1946

Old Folder Number: 1084

Miscellaneous correspondence, reports, including visit of H.M. Caiserman.

South America, Fund-Raising, 1945-1946

Series 3: South America: Administration: General

File 855: South America, General, 1950-1954

Old Folder Number: 1070

Miscellaneous correspondence, news accounts.

South America, General, 1950-1954

File 856: South America, General, 1948-1949

Old Folder Number: 1071

Reports, correspondence, minutes of meetings of South American staff regarding fund-raising, competition and hostility of Zionists; problems with migration, including visas, accommodations, supplies, exports. Correspondence on reduction in JDC functional activities.

South America, General, 1948-1949

File 857: South America, General, 1947

Old Folder Number: 1071

Minutes of meetings of South American staff regarding immigration, fund-raising, need for personnel. Miscellaneous newspaper accounts.

South America, General, 1947

File 858: South America, General, 1946

Old Folder Number: 1072

Jacob Lightman correspondence on JDC activities, operations through South America. Miscellaneous newspaper accounts, circulars on migration services.

South America, General, 1946

File 859: South America, General, 1945

Old Folder Number: 1072

Correspondence on operations, fund-raising, refugee resettlement in South America. Miscellaneous correspondence on fund-raising, including commotion with World Jewish Congress.

South America, General, 1945

Series 4: South America: Administration: Personnel

Series 5: South America: Administration: Publicity

File 860: South America, Printed Matter: Hechos y Cifras, 1944-1950

Old Folder Number: 1073

Copies of JDC bulletin in Spanish. [ARTIFACTS: JDC BULLETINS IN SPANISH; SOME DISPLAY QUALITY.]

South America, Printed Matter: Hechos y Cifras, 1944-1950

File 861: South America, Printed Matter: Noit un Hilf, 1947-1949

Old Folder Number: 1073

Bulletins in Spanish on JDC activities.

South America, Printed Matter: Noit un Hilf, 1947-1949

File 862: South America, Printed Matter: Fatos e Numeros, 1947-1949

Old Folder Number: 1073

Pamphlets in Portuguese on JDC activities.

South America, Printed Matter: Fatos e Numeros, 1947-1949

File 863: South America, Printed Matter: Various, 1945-1948, 1960

Old Folder Number: 1073

Miscellaneous materials, including reprints of essays from American Jewish Year Book

South America, Printed Matter: Various, 1945-1948, 1960

Series 6: South America: Organizations

File 864: South America, Advisory Council of Latin America, 1951

Old Folder Number: 1074

Correspondence with individual Jewish communities, communal leaders regarding formation of Advisory Council of Latin America, the Consejo Latino Americano del Joint (CONSEJO).

South America, Advisory Council of Latin America, 1951

Series 7: South America: Subject Matter: Emigration and Immigration

File 876: South America, Immigration, 1949-1954

Old Folder Number: 1085

Miscellaneous correspondence, reports on transit, maintenance, visas. Contains list of individuals who had emigration deposits with Argentine consul in Italy; with memo of January 26, 1951.

South America, Immigration, 1949-1954

File 877: South America, Immigration, 1946-1948

Old Folder Number: 1086

Memos, correspondence on immigration procedures, financing, immigrants’ expectations, adaptation. Names of individual immigrants assisted, monthly reports for August, September and October 1948.

South America, Immigration, 1946-1948

Series 8: South America: Subject Matter: Reconstruction

File 878: South America, Loan Funds, 1945, 1946-1949

Series 9: South America: Subject Matter: Religious, Cultural, and Educational

File 880: South America, Religious Education: Scholarships, Yeshiva College (New York), 1944-1948

Old Folder Number: 1092

Correspondence on proposal, selection, financing and other arrangements for South American students who received scholarships to study at the rabbinical school of Yeshiva College in New York.

South America, Religious Education: Scholarships, Yeshiva College (New York), 1944-1948

Record Group: Spain

Series 1: Spain: Administration: Financial

File 973: Spain, Financial, 1945-1952

Old Folder Number: 1194b

Accounting memos, financial reports on expenses, remittances.

Spain, Financial, 1945-1952

Series 2: Spain: Administration: General

File 970: Spain, General, 1945, 1948-1954

Old Folder Number: 1192

Miscellaneous correspondence, including materials on Spanish nationality of Sephardim, consternation over aid to communists. Diplomatic Information Office (Madrid) publication: “Spain and the Jews” (1949).

Spain, General, 1945, 1948-1954

Series 3: Spain: Administration: Publicity

File 971: Spain, AJDC Weekly Reports, 1945

Old Folder Number: 1194a

Unsigned weekly reports (March-August 1945) summarizing emigration, welfare, refugee aid activities, news accounts.

Spain, AJDC Weekly Reports, 1945

Series 4: Spain: Subject Matter: Refugees

File 974: Spain, Refugees, 1943-1944-, 1945-1947, 1949-1950, 1952-1953, 1962

Old Folder Number: 1195

Miscellaneous reports on aid to refugees. Francisco Franco decree (December 29, 1948) regarding citizenship for Sephardim from Egypt, Greece. Names listed on memos regarding people who received aid January and March 1944, February 1945.

Spain, Refugees, 1943-1944-, 1945-1947, 1949-1950, 1952-1953, 1962

Series 5: Spain: Subject Matter: Religious, Cultural, and Educational

File 972: Spain, Education, Students, 1954

Old Folder Number: 1193

Correspondence on proposal for student center and kosher canteen in Madrid, for students from Spanish Morocco.

Spain, Education, Students, 1954

Record Group: Sweden

Series 1: Sweden: Administration: Financial

File 977: Sweden, Financial, 1945-1954

Old Folder Number: 1200

Financial reports, correspondence regarding remittances, expenses, currency exchange, bookkeeping.

Sweden, Financial, 1945-1954

Series 2: Sweden: Administration: General

File 975: Sweden, General, 1945-1951, 1954

Old Folder Number: 1197

Correspondence on communal conditions, including Judah Shapiro reports on community institutions, refugees. Correspondence on needs of the Orthodox.

Sweden, General, 1945-1951, 1954

Series 3: Sweden: Organizations

File 980: Sweden, Association of Polish Jews, 1945-1947

Old Folder Number: 1198

Correspondence, appeals for fund, aid.

Sweden, Association of Polish Jews, 1945-1947

File 981: Sweden, Mosaiska Forsamlingen, 1945-1948, 1950

Old Folder Number: 1204

Correspondence on acitivities, financing.

Sweden, Mosaiska Forsamlingen, 1945-1948, 1950

Series 4: Sweden: Subject Matter: Children

File 976: Sweden, Children, 1945-1948

Old Folder Number: 1199

Correspondence regarding needs of Orthodox children, including children’s homes, foster homes for orphans, adoption.

Sweden, Children, 1945-1948

Series 5: Sweden: Subject Matter: Property

File 979: Sweden, Heirless Assets, 1949-1950

Old Folder Number: 1202

Correspondence regarding unsuccessful efforts to stimulate government interest in restitution

Sweden, Heirless Assets, 1949-1950

Series 6: Sweden: Subject Matter: Refugees

File 982: Sweden, Refugees, 1950, 1952-1954, 1955

Old Folder Number: 1205

Miscellaneous on Sweden’s acceptance, selection of refugees.

Sweden, Refugees, 1950, 1952-1954, 1955

File 983: Sweden, Refugees, 1945-1949

Old Folder Number: 1205

Correspondence on demographics of refugees, relief and other assistance provided by Swedish government and Mosaiska Forsamlingen. Correspondence on needs of Orthodox refugees. Contains list of names of individuals (A-J) who wrote to relatives in U.S. in December 1945.

Sweden, Refugees, 1945-1949

Series 7: Sweden: Subject Matter: Relief Supplies

File 984: Sweden, Relief Supplies, 1945-1947, 1949

Old Folder Number: 1203

Correspondence, cables on supplies, expenses.

Sweden, Relief Supplies, 1945-1947, 1949

Series 8: Sweden: Subject Matter: Vocational Training

File 978: Sweden, Hachscharah, 1945-1948

Old Folder Number: 1201

Miscellaneous financial and statistical reports on activities.

Sweden, Hachscharah, 1945-1948

Record Group: Switzerland

Additional content from this period may be found in the Switzerland record group of the New York office 1933-1944 collection, item ID 515719.

Series 1: Switzerland: Subject Matter: Property

File 985: Switzerland, Heirless Assets of Nazi Victims, 1946-1950, 1953

Old Folder Number: 1207

File and documents are in 33/44 collection # 1025

Switzerland, Heirless Assets of Nazi Victims, 1946-1950, 1953

Series 2: Switzerland: Subject Matter: Restitution

File 986: Switzerland, Restitution: General, 1945-1953

Old Folder Number: 1208

File and documents are in 33/44 collection # 1027

Switzerland, Restitution: General, 1945-1953

Record Group: Syria

Series 1: Syria: Administration: General

File 987: Syria, General, 1945, 1947-1952

Old Folder Number: 1212

Correspondence, reports regarding means to aid to Jews in Syria.

Syria, General, 1945, 1947-1952

Series 2: Syria: Subject Matter: Religious, Cultural, and Educational

File 988: Syria, Education: Alliance Israelite Universelle, Damascus, 1945-1946

Old Folder Number: 1213

Correspondence regarding remittances.

Syria, Education: Alliance Israelite Universelle, Damascus, 1945-1946

Record Group: Tanganyika

File 76: Tanganyika, Refugees, 1945-1949

Old Folder Number: 111

Correspondence regarding article in Jewish Morning Journal (March 12, 1948) about deportation of Jews from Tanganyika to French Occupation Zone of Germany; International Refugee Organization (IRO) says it does not forcibly deport people. (Article not in file.)

Record Group: Trinidad

Series 1: Trinidad: Administration: General

File 989: Trinidad, General, 1945-1951

Old Folder Number: 1215

Correspondence, including by George Greenspun, on communal conditions, fund-raising, loan fund.

Trinidad, General, 1945-1951

Record Group: Tunisia

Series 1: Tunisia: Administration: Financial

File 81: Tunisia, Financial, 1945-1954

Old Folder Number: 120

Accounting memos regarding payments, disbursements. Monthly and quarterly financial reports (incomplete) from JDC office in Tunis.

Tunisia, Financial, 1945-1954

Series 2: Tunisia: Administration: General

File 77: Tunisia, General, 1945-1954

Old Folder Number: 114

Extensive material on demographics, services, tensions and needs of Jewish community of Tunisia.

Tunisia, General, 1945-1954

Series 3: Tunisia: Localities

File 82: Tunisia, Djerba, 1948-1953

Old Folder Number: 112

Reports on demographics, local services on isle of Djerba.

Tunisia, Djerba, 1948-1953

Series 4: Tunisia: Subject Matter: Emigration and Immigration

File 79: Tunisia, Emigration, 1949-1954

Old Folder Number: 117

Memos on possible emigration of Jews from Tunis to colony of Sosua, on political situation in 1954.

Tunisia, Emigration, 1949-1954

Series 5: Tunisia: Subject Matter: Medical

File 83: Tunisia, Medical, 1948-1954

Old Folder Number: 123

Reports on medical, public health and social problems in Tunisia. Press release on progress in TB control.

Tunisia, Medical, 1948-1954

Series 6: Tunisia: Subject Matter: Relief Supplies

File 84: Tunisia, Relief Supplies, 1948-1954

Old Folder Number: 124

Accounting memos regarding payments for relief supplies. Correspondence, cables on insurance, shipments, supplies, duty-free receipts.

Tunisia, Relief Supplies, 1948-1954

Series 7: Tunisia: Subject Matter: Religious, Cultural, and Educational

File 78: Tunisia, Education, 1949-1954

Old Folder Number: 116

Correspondence on agreement between Alliance Israelite Universelle and Jewish community on education. Field reports (1953) by Stanley Abramovitch.

Tunisia, Education, 1949-1954

File 85: Tunisia, Ozar Hatorah, 1952

Old Folder Number: 129

Correspondence on Ozar Hatorah projects, on books for teaching Hebrew.

Tunisia, Ozar Hatorah, 1952

File 80: Tunisia, Feeding Program, 1948-1954

Old Folder Number: 118

Review and statistics on operations of feeding programs. Press release with recipe on “powdered eggs a la Tunisienne.”

Record Group: Turkey

Series 1: Turkey: Administration: Financial

File 991: Turkey, Financial, 1945-1949

Old Folder Number: 1217

Correspondence on relief, transportation costs and remittances to “Grand Rabbinate” (Jewish community).

Turkey, Financial, 1945-1949

Series 2: Turkey: Administration: General

File 990: Turkey, General, 1944, 1945-1950, 1953–1954

Old Folder Number: 1216

Reports, correspondence on communal, political conditions, arrival of refugees.

Turkey, General, 1944, 1945-1950, 1953–1954

Series 3: Turkey: Subject Matter: Reconstruction

File 992: Turkey, Loan Kassas, 1948-1949, 1951

Old Folder Number: 1218

Correspondence on debt, liquidation of loan kassas.

Turkey, Loan Kassas, 1948-1949, 1951

Record Group: Uruguay

Series 1: Uruguay: Administration: Financial

File 962: Uruguay, Financial, 1945-1954

Old Folder Number: 1178

Financial statements, reports, accounting memos on expenses, remittances, loans, bank accounts, transportation deposits.

Uruguay, Financial, 1945-1954

Series 2: Uruguay: Administration: Fund-Raising

File 963: Uruguay, Fund-Raising, 1945-1954

Old Folder Number: 1180

Correspondence on fund-raising campaign organization, united campaigns.

Uruguay, Fund-Raising, 1945-1954

Series 3: Uruguay: Administration: General

File 961: Uruguay, General, 1945-1950, 1952-1954

Old Folder Number: 1176

Miscellaneous letters on administration, fund-raising, migration, aid.

Uruguay, General, 1945-1950, 1952-1954

Series 4: Uruguay: Subject Matter: Emigration and Immigration

File 964: Uruguay, Immigration, 1946-1954

Old Folder Number: 1181

Correspondence regarding government immigration regulations, visas, communal responsibility to aid newcomers. Names listed on accounting correspondence regarding passage.

Uruguay, Immigration, 1946-1954

Series 5: Uruguay: Subject Matter: Reconstruction

File 965: Uruguay, Loan Funds, 1948-1954

Old Folder Number: 1186

Miscellaneous on immigration, prospects for loans, financial assistance.

Uruguay, Loan Funds, 1948-1954

Record Group: USSR

Series 1: USSR: Administration: General

File 993: USSR, General, 1945-1948

Old Folder Number: 1219

Correspondence, news accounts on suppression of Zionism, imprisonment of Zionists.

USSR, General, 1945-1948

Series 2: USSR: Subject Matter: Emigration and Immigration

File 994: USSR, Emigration, 1947, 1949

Old Folder Number: 1220

Two items on absence of meaningful emigration.

USSR, Emigration, 1947, 1949

Series 3: USSR: Subject Matter: Relief Supplies

File 997: USSR, Relief Supplies: Medical, 1945-1949

Old Folder Number: 1222

Cables, memos, purchase orders for medical supplies.

USSR, Relief Supplies: Medical, 1945-1949

File 998: USSR, Relief Supplies: Religious, 1945

Old Folder Number: 1224

Inquiry from Kharkov about acquiring religious supplies.

USSR, Relief Supplies: Religious, 1945

File 995: USSR, Government Attacks JDC (Doctors’ Plot), 1953

Old Folder Number: 1120A

Newspaper accounts, attacks on JDC.

USSR, Government Attacks JDC (Doctors’ Plot), 1953

File 996: USSR, Government Attacks JDC (Doctors’ Plot): Printed Matter, 1953

Old Folder Number: 1120A

Additional printed material; some oversized. [See also 45/54 # 995, USSR, Government Attacks JDC (Doctors’ Plot)]

USSR, Government Attacks JDC (Doctors’ Plot): Printed Matter, 1953

Record Group: Venezuela

Series 1: Venezuela: Administration: General

File 966: Venezuela, General, 1945-1946, 1948,1951-1952, 1956

Old Folder Number: 1189

Miscellaneous correspondence.

Venezuela, General, 1945-1946, 1948,1951-1952, 1956

Series 2: Venezuela: Administration: Fund-Raising

File 967: Venezuela, Fund-Raising, 1945-1952

Old Folder Number: 1190

Correspondence on fund-raising, remittances, campaign organization, united campaigns.

Venezuela, Fund-Raising, 1945-1952

Series 3: Venezuela: Subject Matter: Emigration and Immigration

File 968: Venezuela, Immigration, 1948-1954

Old Folder Number: 1191

Financial correspondence, reports; accounting memos regarding appeals for funds, administrative expenses, settlement of transportation deposits with Comite Israelita pro Refugiados.

Venezuela, Immigration, 1948-1954

File 969: Venezuela, Immigration, 1945-1947

Old Folder Number: 1191

Correspondence on immigration-related expenses, validity of visas.Contains names on migration lists with financial correspondence.

Venezuela, Immigration, 1945-1947

Record Group: Yugoslavia

Series 1: Yugoslavia: Administration: Financial

File 1001: Yugoslavia, Financial, 1945-1954

Old Folder Number: 1229

Materials on budgets, budget estimates, relief, including relief for transients. Correspondence on supplies, credits, remittances, bookkeeping. Correspondence (1947) on property restitution.

Yugoslavia, Financial, 1945-1954

File 1007: Yugoslavia, Transfer of Funds: General, 1946-1947

Old Folder Number: 1235

Correspondence regarding claims.

Yugoslavia, Transfer of Funds: General, 1946-1947

File 1008: Yugoslavia, Transfer of Funds, A-Z (Loose correspondence), 1941, 1945-1948

Old Folder Number: 1236

Loose correspondence regarding individual claims, financial matters.

Yugoslavia, Transfer of Funds, A-Z (Loose correspondence), 1941, 1945-1948

Series 2: Yugoslavia: Administration: General

File 999: Yugoslavia, General, 1947-1954

Old Folder Number: 1225

Correspondence, reports (1947-1949) on JDC-assisted programs, budgets. News accounts (Yiddish, English) on local communal conditions.

Yugoslavia, General, 1947-1954

File 1000: Yugoslavia, General, 1945-1946

Old Folder Number: 1226

Correspondence, cables about fate of Yugoslav Jewry. Reports, correspondence on needs of surviving community, including supplies, cash relief, medical care, orphanages and old-age homes.

Yugoslavia, General, 1945-1946

Series 3: Yugoslavia: Subject Matter: Medical

File 1002: Yugoslavia, Medical, 1946-1947, 1949

Old Folder Number: 1232

Correspondence regarding supplies, medical training, medical books.

Yugoslavia, Medical, 1946-1947, 1949

Series 4: Yugoslavia: Subject Matter: Refugees

File 1004: Yugoslavia, Refugees, 1945

Old Folder Number: 1232

Miscellaneous correspondence, including appeal for aid from Yugoslav Jews in refugee camp in Egypt. Lists Yugoslav Jews in refugee camp in El Shatt, Egypt, 1945

Yugoslavia, Refugees, 1945

Series 5: Yugoslavia: Subject Matter: Relief Supplies

File 1005: Yugoslavia, Relief Supplies: General, 1945-1953

Old Folder Number: 1234

Correspondence regarding shipments of supplies, remittances.

Yugoslavia, Relief Supplies: General, 1945-1953

Series 6: Yugoslavia: Subject Matter: Religious, Cultural, and Educational

File 1006: Yugoslavia, Religious Life, 1947, 1952

Old Folder Number: 1237

Correspondence on community’s religious, cultural and educational needs.

Yugoslavia, Religious Life, 1947, 1952

File 1003: Yugoslavia, Memorial for Jewish Victims of the Holocaust, 1952

Old Folder Number: 1230

Correspondence regarding dedication of five monuments to Jewish victims.

Yugoslavia, Memorial for Jewish Victims of the Holocaust, 1952

Record Group: Zimbabwe

Series 1: Zimbabwe: Administration: Financial

File 86: Zimbabwe, Transfer of Funds, 1947-1951

Old Folder Number: 131

Accounting correspondence regarding location/fate of £20,000 (pounds) in “emigration” funds. Limited correspondence on currency conversions and transfers. Contains list of Rhodesian emigrants and sponsors.

Zimbabwe, Transfer of Funds, 1947-1951

The cataloguing of this collection was made possible through a donation from Marshall M. Weinberg.

Digitization of this collection was made possible with funding from the Polonsky Foundation.

Archives of The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, Inc.

Email: [email protected]